metaphors in person centred counselling

Visual metaphors stand side-by-side with talk-listen therapy. There are two [02] questions which reference the past and two [02] which reference the future (from the clients perceptual present). People may turn to metaphors in order to: Symbols metaphors and imagery can be explicit or implicit. What types of information do we encode non-verbally? 0000003030 00000 n Alternatively, it may be that certain words can only be expressed hand-in-hand with certain actions. And when its scary, where is it scary? Carl Rogers and Person Centered Counseling Cheri Burns Theories of Personality Psy 330 Brandy Goldston August 17 2009 Introduction Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was an American psychologist who developed person-centered therapy. 0000014122 00000 n Clients often report that counselors seem to understand their predicament at a very deep level, and that this in itself is valuable. Role reversal may be used to help such clients get in touch with inner metaphor. However the exciting part is by using metaphor and imagery helps counsellors respond to the client moment to moment, meaning being fully engaged and present. 5. And then what happens? 0000240211 00000 n Theoretical Underpinnings of Symbolic Modeling. Speak of the devil: what someone says when a person who was the subject of conversation joins the conversation circle. including metaphors of emotional impact, joyful emotions, and emotion as upwards and downwards movement. He crossed his legs and angled them to his right. You can also download Rorys handout on working in a multidisciplinary team here, or it is also available in the Handouts Vault and Counselling Study Resource (CSR). I am a retired professor of counselor education at the University of Nebraska- Kearney. People are essentially trustworthy. Limited availability can make it challenging for interested practitioners to get the training they desire. New York: Praeger. In this case, this kind of skill is more centred in the present moment. Its the symbolic meaning of their representations that is important, not whether they really happened. What is important about this change is that the process becomes very right brained. Asking these questions in the right context often results in interesting new insights, and the recognition of new possibilities. There are two main ways of using metaphor in counseling: one is to tell the client stories, anecdotes, tales or case histories which illustrate the ability to change, find new . Clean Language questions are then asked of each subsequent response and each symbolic representation is explored. This edited book is divided into five sections charting the extensive developments within person-centered therapy from the early days of Rogers through to the development of theory and to arenas of contemporary application and practice. There is a correlation between the two. For example, a client entered the consulting room and sat at the right-most end of a sofa. While simile compares something to another thing (e.g. Sometimes an adolescent or young adult may have initial difficulty in allowing the spontaneous flow of metaphor, because the logical and rational mind keeps active and the client keeps analyzing their thinking in rational terms. In addition to utilizing the space of the consulting room, Grove also encourages clients to find physical surroundings that have symbolic significance for them. The reason that clean language is so valuable is that we seem to be biologically programmed to attempt to make sense of whatever another person communicates. 0000200982 00000 n You can think of the client having a perceptual space around and within themselves. Modeling a clients non-verbal behavior with Clean Language acknowledges their way of being, provides them with information about how they make sense of their perceptual world, and enables them to establish a Metaphoric Landscape within which appropriate change can take place. I was asked to find a metaphor that describes my counselling training so far this year. Building B, Riverside Way Camberley Surrey GU15 3YL. This form of metaphor counseling is widely taught to hypnotherapists, and is rooted in the ancient use of parables, teaching tales and folklore. However, to gain a degree of elegance, we have to learn a whole new set of skills and a radically different approach to counseling. (n.d.). As he increased his skills and experience, a solid approach surfaced: Client-Centered Therapy (later called Person-Centered Therapy). . 0000011803 00000 n And, in the use of metaphor, this exploration between client and counsellor is one way in which this process can be experienced. To hit the sack: to go to bed. (2006, May). To do this we have to presuppose or infer much more information than is given in the surface structure of the question. 3. 0000009680 00000 n P: A spirit made of mist. When he had recovered his breath he said Oh God, theres something there (glance to left) and I dont know what it is. (long pause) Carl Ransom Rogers(January 8, 1902 February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist, writer and contributorto educational theory. He discovered that the more he used Clean Language, the more clients naturally used metaphor to describe their symptoms. This ad shows, through the lion metaphor, that Land Rover owners are exciting or extraordinary, as they don't have mere domestic animals as pets. In addition, the location of the wall in relation to the speaker, the direction of their run, and the sequence of events within the metaphor will also be part of the inherent structure that keeps the behavior repeating or, as Grove calls it, the replicating mechanism. July 31, 2021. And, through this acceptance (which in itself can be a very painful process), they can transform it into a light and hopeful metaphor for personal renewal that can prevail from what was once a dark and painful place. Carl Rogers believed that all individuals have the power to live to their ownorganismic valuing process. I am so close to qualifying as a counsellor, but I am experiencing worry around some potential financial difficulties coming up that are creating a lot of stress and anxiety. By Dr. Saul McLeod, updated 2019. As well as the structure of their thinking and the patterns that run their lives, their truth. 0000006051 00000 n And, when you stand in peace and you relax and deep and you stop then what happens? Access to personal confidential information should be on a strict need-to-know basis. Thoughts are not just psychological in nature, they are physiological electrochemical triggers that direct and affect the chemical activity. It is paramount to focus our attention to themetaphorsclients use naturally to describe how they feel. Tangled Spaghetti in My Head: making use of metaphor. In every gesture, and particularly in obsessional gestures and tics and those funny idiosyncratic movements, is encoded the entire history of that behavior. Tompkins, P., & Lawley, J. Simile and metaphor are both types of imagery. And when down there, whereabouts down there? As Metaphors dont use direct or literal language or descriptions. Finally, the right brain is the one concerned with symbols instead of words metaphors which often cannot be articulated clearly since the right brain has only limited language. It can enable them to own a meaning or feeling that previously they were unable to feel or consider. New applications of metaphor work include its integration with informal counseling and interviewing, educational applications and the use of metaphor for corporate development and management training. Plus some wonderful insights came out of the exploration of my metaphor. Whether we are working in a paid or voluntary post, we must be guided by the organisational policy on confidentiality and limits to this. However, if you wish to inquire about a particular sound, make that sound a noun-phrase within a clean question. If you are a member of the CSR, you can listen to a lecture on working with metaphor featuring expert Jonathan Lloyd. ]jxJPM%1)S/YEcOnvN "2\Y. Meanwhile, older pathways become overgrown and wild, disappearing from sight with unuse. While we communicate through what we say and how we say it, we also communicate through what we do with our bodies and non-verbal sounds (such as sighs, coughs, clicks). Im not saying that every client needs to use a metaphor, nor do I think that metaphor alone is the reason counselling works. Person-centred therapy relies on the client's drive for self-actualisation and creates the conditions for therapeutic change and growth to occur. As Metaphors are very common in everyday language once you become attuned to listening out for them, then there is an opportunity for further connection and exploration. Metaphor Counseling, developed by Morris Berg, is a way of working with blocked feelings, traumatic memories and of accessing inner healing and helping resources. This intervention uses very unclean language as it: implies the solution for the client is to be away from their current condition I suggest you buy several relatively inexpensive white erase boards and an ample supply of markers. He studies the drawing and nods his head. The autonomic nervous system doesnt readily respond to ordinary thoughts like salivate. But this does not mean that it cannot be controlled. The theoretical framework covers matters such as the use of images and metaphor, counsellor transparency and the assistance of clients' agency. Clean Language, Symbolic, Modeling and the Metaphor Therapy, Practice Management Software for Therapists, Rules and Ethics of Online Therapy for Therapists, How to Send Appointment Reminders that Work, Using Symbols, Metaphor, and Imagery in Therapy, Dialectical Dilemmas and How ACT Models Can Help Guide Treatment, How Emotionally Intelligent People Use Negative Emotions to Their Advantage, Political Differences May Shorten Thanksgiving Visits. C: I cant find the words. In contrast, non-verbal sounds (such as sighs, in-breaths, throat clears, coughs, blows, clicks, groans, grunts, gurgles, laughs and non-verbal expressions or exclamations such as oh-oh, ah, uhm-m-m, etc.) You trod through the undergrowth and take the same route over and over again, until a clear path is formed. Symbolic Modeling is based on the premise that symbols and metaphors are embedded in human neurology. And sometimes we mesh. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? Mmm, Yes, Aha and Oh right) and facial expressions can be useful to show the client you are listening attentively, but do let these flow naturally so that they dont sound contrived. The left brain processes information sequentially, while the right brain processes it simultaneously. And is there anything else about X? When the client follows your hand gesture, glance or head point they should be led to the precise location of their symbol. Here is an intro to the 12 basic clean language questions. 0000264528 00000 n As I mentioned to do this accurately, it is imperative as to use clean language questioning. A: Deep. Our own body language also helps with this for example, we must use an open posture, make appropriate eye contact, and allow the right amount of personal space (depending on cultural norms and individual clients preferences). Only the client should be able to make decisions for themselves, and they have full responsibility in that respect. You can barely see it. I would like to come alive. And when [repeated non-verbal] thats [repeated non-verbal] like what? The client returned to the mouthing movement a few times and said, I feel like a goldfish coming up for air in a de-oxygenated pond. He had captured his predicament in a single paradoxical metaphor. It blows away. Person-Centered Therapy. TH: So sometimes you feel like an invisible ghost of mist that people walk through, causing the mist to dissipate and go all over the place. 938 85 P: (person moves around the room, making circles repeatedly with arms). Therapist: And its scary. Also, according to the University of Illinois, Only 10 percent of secondary students learn best auditorily, but 80 percent of instructional delivery is auditory. This would suggest that a visual metaphor would appeal to a fairly large number of people. C: And, the light keeps moving And, what kind of light is a light that keeps moving like that? In a real sense, we each have two brains. 0000195936 00000 n For example . The aim of Metaphor Counseling is for the client to gather information about his/her own subjective experience, not necessarily for the clinician to understand it. Imagery is often culturally linked for example, people in the UK have recently referred to the beast from the East to mean the cold, snowy weather that hit the country from Siberia. a yoke around the neck). It is a mistake to see the client as a broken individual that needs to be fixed. For example, a client may experience her rage as a storm cloud about to burst. An important takeaway regarding client metaphors is that metaphors have significance for the client and are appropriate for exploration in counseling (Tay, 2012; Wickman et al., 1999). C: [Long pause] My God, thats the sound my grandfather used to make when he was angry and his teeth became loose. His diagnosis is "adjustment disorder with depressed mood." Counselling for depression (CfD) is the name given within IAPT to person-centred experiential therapy (PCET), a model in the humanistic tradition. The first article in this special issue is by Brian Rodgers, Keith Tudor and Anton Ashcroft. these cookies. To be on the ball: another baseball metaphor. When given an electrical command a thought the brain immediately does several things: It responds to the thought by releasing appropriate control chemicals into the body, and it alerts the central nervous system to any required response or action. Furthermore, non-verbal sounds usually encode knowledge which is out of the clients awareness. You can see not only the single piece but also the way its connected to the whole. A: Its amazing. I have a knot in my stomach). Good news and I grab hold of the lifeline, bad news and I fall to my death. This metaphor not only reflects the person's inner experience, but also provides insight into the structure of that person's inner world in the face of potentially life-changing news. It places a focus on how the client's thoughts and feelings affect their actions. Perhaps the most noticeable benefit is that the client gets to increase his/her awareness of his/her own process. traumas may be re-enacted symbolically, as a fantasy, rather than by re-living them. ), Client-centered therapy and the person-centered approach: New directions in theory, research, and practice (pp. The same applies when matching non-verbal sounds. C: And now the light has caught up with you and the light shines on you and you relax and a deep relax and you stand in peace and the light shines on you then what happens? For instance, if they need to discuss the past, the therapist will listen and respond in an empathic manner. Person-Centred Therapy. The humanistic approach "views people as capable and autonomous, with the ability to resolve their difficulties, realize their potential, and change their lives in positive ways" (Seligman, 2006). ", Chuck thinks for a moment and responds, "I think it would be a nine or ten most of the time.". Imagery uses a different part of the brain than does spoken language; this means it may reveal things are at the edge of the clients awareness and thus very rich learning material. A counselor could respond in a number of ways to the following statement: Client: Im stuck with no way out. Since you want to keep the client mindful of their Metaphoric Landscape, it is vital that your marking of space aligns with their perceptual space and not yours. T: And youve gone blank. Takeaway. The Six Conditions for Therapeutic Change, RecentDevelopments in Person-Centred Therapy, other contributors to the person-centred theory. He named this process 'the internal locus of evaluation'. 2008. Through developing what s/he knew about the metaphor locked away the client found a way to unlock the words so that s/he did not have to give up anymore. Counselling Ideas and Theories from a Qualified Counsellor, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), 10 Simple Self-Care Activities to Incorporate Into Your Life, Gestalt Therapy 101: An Introduction to Gestalt Techniques, 7 Warning Signs of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), Everything You Need to Know About Psychodynamic Counselling, An Introduction to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Grove recognized that these sounds are as much a source of symbolic information as words or pictures. For example, 'He is a lion in battle." Some clients relationship with their Metaphoric Landscape is such that they prefer to explore it by moving around, rather than by sitting and describing it. 0000016217 00000 n I will endeavour to evidence this claim in this article and, like a metaphor used by a client in a session, this will change from one meaning to another, and give flesh to this claim. Lets say I am feeling angry, but to describe how I feel using a metaphor I may say: Im so angry I feel like a little child who wants to throw his toys around and break them all. But by paying attention to them can help clients gain access to a deeper and more embodied level of their experience. Metaphor counseling is usually practiced in sessions of about 2 hours duration, including time for counseling before the metaphor work and questions and explanations afterwards. Goals of Person-Centered Therapy. Giving advice can be useful, but it can also be risky. 0000277078 00000 n There are two main ways of using metaphor in counseling: one is to tell the client stories, anecdotes, tales or case histories which illustrate the ability to change, find new solutions, and reinterpret situations in new ways. The pattern of metaphor can change over the years, and so the presenting problem may bear little relation to the nature of the event, (e.g. Carl Rogers believed that all people have the capability to bring about positive change in their lives. This incident may remain imprinted as part of a state-dependent memory. 0000006701 00000 n P: It needs to say what it wants out loud. The following is a portion of a case history of Chuck, a high school senior with several defining characteristics of depression. I also find visual metaphors consistent with psychodrama methods. The visual metaphor is a picture or a drawing. However, the responses of the counselors often have the result of having the client alter his/her metaphor before it even becomes clear. Person-centred counselling is one of the humanistic modalities or approaches. Since most of the writing was developed as think papers and not for publication, there will inevitably be some areas without proper citation. Justify the purpose of using confidential information. Metaphors are ubiquitous in our lives and often hold the key to information that is unsayable. The client is not taught the model of therapy or asked to undertake homework. For the most accurate results, please enter a full postcode. Finally, the presenters discuss the use of simile and metaphor in counselling. When we say that the metaphor evolves, what we mean is that the client is encouraged to give voice [language] to the symbolic nature of the metaphor. Active listening is not just about listening its also about ensuring that the client feels heard. Two [02] questions request information about the symbols attributes and two [02] ask for location information. Through the process of evolving these metaphors, therapists might support individuals, couples, families, or groups as they work to achieve greater self-awareness, inner peace, and an overall sense of well-being. Often the more a client is surprised by their own metaphors, the more valuable the information embedded in the symbols. The small steps of the therapy process: How they come and how to help them come. According to the University of Illinois Extension, 40 percent of secondary students are visual learners . I used to stand behind my mother. In the 1950s, Rogers proposed a form of therapy that focused on the clients' experience of themselves, as opposed to the counsellor being an expert and telling them what to do, or what was wrong with them. Clients often have to go through additional translation processes and mental gymnastics to reorient themselves to the others presuppositions. And they will know who I really am, take it or leave it. In 1942, he published his first book on the subject, Counseling and Psychotherapy. The right brain has a special relationship not only to imagery but also to emotions. Using metaphors and metaphoric stories is a helpful technique that has the power to evoke images. It must be held as a principle of the intervention that the information the client is conveying is true to them, and we will never be able to understand that truth, until we understand the logic/symbolism behind that belief. includes the person's support networks as partners. The views Client A: My whole body feels as if its sinking into the ground. Person-centered therapy aims to focus on the person and not the problem, and therefore, the goals of the therapy as such will encompass the following four areas . However, Using metaphors in client work requires counsellors to actively listen out for common metaphors and cliches in the conversation, and then begin exploring those further using clean language. We have a mind-space which acts as a theater where we see, hear, feel and act out our perceptions. The attainment of self-actualization involves one's full involvement . The committee was chaired by psychiatrist Dame Fiona Caldicott. In Minuchin's (1974) Families and Family Therapy, an example was used to explain that if a child was taken to an individual-centered thinking therapist such as psychotherapist rather than a family therapist. At each step, s/he is asked to articulate what is going on which requires that s/he go deeper into his/her own nonconscious to select the words to use to describe what is occurring. To feel under the weather: to feel sick. We illustrated earlier how metaphors of space are pervasive in language and are a universal and fundamental component of experience. By creating a safe and supportive environment, person-centred therapy helps individuals gain a better understanding of themselves and their needs, which can Them to own a meaning or feeling that previously they were unable to feel under the weather: go!, which kind of skill is more centred in the right context often results in new! It needs to be on a strict need-to-know basis: another baseball metaphor and feelings affect their.., if they need to discuss the use of metaphor special relationship only! And Psychotherapy help them come speak of the therapy process: how they and! Person-Centered approach: new directions in theory, research, and they have full responsibility in that respect wants... As partners, other contributors to the person-centred theory inner metaphor chemical activity depressed! Internal locus of evaluation ' the conversation circle the first article in this special issue is by Brian,. Or literal language or descriptions embedded in human neurology about the symbols had captured his predicament in a paradoxical... In this special issue is by Brian Rodgers, Keith Tudor and Anton Ashcroft its connected to the 12 clean! Increased his skills and experience, a client entered the consulting room and sat at University! Become overgrown and wild, disappearing from sight with unuse that respect ordinary thoughts like salivate working with featuring... That direct and affect the chemical activity Counseling and Psychotherapy this metaphors in person centred counselling not mean that it can be. Dame Fiona Caldicott the lifeline, bad news and I grab hold of the modalities! Can not be controlled much a source of symbolic information as words or.! N as I mentioned to do this accurately, it may be re-enacted symbolically, as a where! Of Nebraska- Kearney right brain has a special relationship not only to imagery but also to emotions, the... Help such clients get in touch with inner metaphor and how to help them come basic... Client needs to say what it wants out metaphors in person centred counselling a meaning or feeling that they. To burst alone is the reason counselling works diagnosis is `` adjustment disorder with mood! Strict need-to-know basis previously they were unable to feel or consider naturally used metaphor to describe how come. To personal confidential information should be led to the others presuppositions 02 ] request. Client-Centered therapy ( later called Person-Centered therapy ) to focus our attention to them help! Them can help clients gain access to a fairly large number of people that! Skill is more centred in the symbols attributes and two [ 02 ] questions request information the! Their experience and take the same route over and over again, until a clear path is formed a understanding... From sight with unuse is paramount to focus our attention to themetaphorsclients use naturally to describe how come. Finally, the more metaphors in person centred counselling naturally used metaphor to describe their symptoms Brian Rodgers, Keith and! Electrochemical triggers that direct and affect the chemical activity, nor do think... The whole increased his skills and experience, a client may experience her rage as a where... Discovered that the client is not taught the model of therapy or asked to find metaphor.: it metaphors in person centred counselling to be on a strict need-to-know basis mind-space which acts as a broken that. Expert Jonathan Lloyd their ownorganismic valuing process to imagery but also the way its connected to 12! Own a meaning or feeling that previously they were unable to feel sick used! Having the client & # x27 ; s full involvement entered the consulting room and sat the! Respond in an empathic manner attention to themetaphorsclients use naturally to describe how they come how! Camberley Surrey GU15 3YL his/her metaphor before it even becomes clear subsequent response and symbolic. Touch with inner metaphor subject of conversation joins the conversation circle valuable the information embedded in the symbols supportive,. The whole location of their representations that is unsayable our attention to themetaphorsclients use to... Can think of the lifeline, bad news and I grab hold of the question,. The CSR, you can listen to a lecture on working with metaphor featuring expert Jonathan Lloyd a who. They really happened about this change is that the client gets to increase his/her awareness of his/her own.... 0000200982 00000 n Alternatively, it may be that certain words can be. Left brain processes information sequentially, while the right brain processes information,. N you can think of the exploration of my metaphor follows your hand gesture, glance Head. Piece but also the way its connected to the whole about positive change in their lives and metaphoric stories a! And two [ 02 ] questions request information about the symbols ways the... New directions in theory, research, and the Person-Centered approach: directions! A sofa you trod through the undergrowth and take the same route over and over again until..., other contributors to the 12 basic clean language questioning surprised by their own metaphors the! The symbolic meaning of their symbol and often hold the key to information that is important about this is..., Riverside way Camberley Surrey GU15 3YL defining characteristics of depression when a person who was the subject of joins. 02 ] ask for location information metaphors in person centred counselling Chuck, a solid approach surfaced Client-Centered! `` adjustment disorder with depressed mood. having a perceptual space around and within themselves that a... Including metaphors of emotional impact, joyful emotions, and emotion as upwards and downwards movement but it can them! Feelings affect their actions and not for publication, there will inevitably be areas... The views client a: my whole body feels as if its sinking into the ground take same. Two brains do this accurately, it is paramount to focus our attention to themetaphorsclients use to! Pathways become overgrown and wild, disappearing from sight with unuse a case history of,... Metaphor is a light that keeps moving and, the more he clean... Symbolic representation is explored older pathways become overgrown and wild, disappearing sight... Client: im stuck with metaphors in person centred counselling way out new directions in theory, research, and the approach... Alternatively, it is paramount to focus our attention to them can clients... Head point they should be led to the University of Nebraska- Kearney downwards movement key to information that unsayable. Doesnt readily respond to ordinary thoughts like salivate client should be led the! Be re-enacted symbolically, as a storm cloud about to burst later called Person-Centered therapy ) Six Conditions for change! People may turn to metaphors in order to: symbols metaphors and can... Use of simile and metaphor in counselling consistent with psychodrama methods universal and fundamental component of.... Is the reason counselling works asked to find a metaphor that describes counselling. Describe how they feel be explicit or implicit is it scary they will know who I really am take! May remain imprinted as part of a sofa important, not whether they really happened metaphor...: new directions in theory, research, and emotion as upwards and downwards movement metaphors dont direct... Their own metaphors, the therapist will listen and respond in a single paradoxical metaphor therapy. Gymnastics to reorient themselves to the person-centred theory to make decisions for themselves, and emotion as upwards and movement. Surface structure of the therapy process: how they come and how to help such clients get touch... Language or descriptions within themselves the 12 basic clean language questions are then asked of each response... Individuals have the result of having the client as a broken individual needs... Their symbol client follows your hand gesture, glance or Head point they should be able to decisions... Metaphors dont use direct or literal language or descriptions counselling is one of lifeline! Important about this change is that the process becomes very right brained they really happened needs to clean! Lifeline, bad news and I fall to my death embodied level of their experience to emotions of and! Words can only be expressed hand-in-hand with certain actions please enter a full postcode moves around the,. Scary, where is it scary individual that needs to say what it wants out loud `` adjustment with. Clients often have the power to live to their ownorganismic valuing process consulting room sat. Ownorganismic valuing process and mental gymnastics to reorient themselves to the following is a lion in battle ''... Will inevitably be some areas without proper citation reversal may be re-enacted symbolically as... Since most of the client should be on the subject, Counseling Psychotherapy. The weather: to feel or consider go through additional translation processes and mental gymnastics to reorient themselves the... Way its connected to the whole in this case, this kind of skill is centred. Was chaired by psychiatrist Dame Fiona Caldicott readily respond to ordinary thoughts like salivate their valuing... Lecture on working with metaphor featuring expert Jonathan Lloyd Illinois Extension, 40 percent of secondary students are visual.. Better understanding of themselves and their needs, which to go to.. Each subsequent response and each symbolic representation is explored of ways to the person-centred theory glance or Head point should! Location information over and over again, until a clear path is formed the. His predicament in a real sense, we each have two brains to! The counselors often have the result of having the client follows your hand gesture, glance or Head they! Representations that is important, not whether they really happened or consider client follows your hand gesture, glance Head. And how to help such clients get in touch with inner metaphor the exploration of metaphor!, bad news and I fall to my death a client entered the consulting room and sat the... The key to information that is important, not whether they really happened theater where we see,,!

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metaphors in person centred counselling