list of scottish prisoners sent to america

The English then drove the Scottish POWs like cattle to London. Many also worked at the Iron Works.They were as follows: Prisoners who worked at the Lynn Iron Works, now known as the Saugus Iron Works, were as follows: In Kittery Maine, there is a Unity parish, doubtless from the prisoners, who were sent there to work in the sawmills. Transportation was not formally abolished until 1868, but it had been effectively stopped in 1857 and had become unusual well before that date. They associated with Robert Stewart and left everything to him. Others who have some evidence to support a possible connection to the Dunbar or Worcester prisoners. Most of the Scots were hired out to other employers and went to colliers. Alexander, Joseph, Anne and baby Prisoner 332 - along with dozens of others - disappeared into the hot Caribbean haze, with no known trace of what happened to the Jacobites freed by Britain's. Indenture was not slavery. (LLNV), of Lynn, MAElder/Elyer,Daniel. Many of those deported were later pardoned on the condition that . They are mainly from England and Wales but there are Scottish and some Irish cases and also courts martial from around the world. Note: Duncan Stewart was born in the highlands of Scotland about 1623. The Scots were soldiers who were defeated in the English Civil War at the Battle of Dunbar in 1650. comments powered by Disqus. However, one member of the SPOW project has already successfully traced his all-female line descent from a SPOW's daughter, and identified her mtDNA - so it can be done. We believe it is an insult to the 26 million slaves in the world today to limit the definition of slavery to Native Americans and African Americans of previous centuries.. })(); It is a profound and self-serving insult to the enslaved Native Americans and Africans who, along with their children and family members, were truly slaves and disposable property for generation. sites by using our customised search engine, Electric (LLNV), of Braintree, MA and Block Island, RIHamilton,John. This is an excellent addition to the information we have included here and if you prefer, Scottish Immigrants to North America, 1600s-1800s - The Collected Works of David Dobson. Seven of Valentine Hills Scottish POWs, for example, were listed as taxpayers in Dover, N.H., after their slavery ended. George S. Stewart's list Captured at Dunbar, (CD) (IWI), of Oyster River, NH and Kittery, ME; yDNA StudyGrant, Thomas, (1). In was in court again for stricking and abusing fellow Dunbar Scosman, Alexander Mackanur, who was lame and in poor health. Livingstone, John. (CD), of Braintree, MAFrizzell/Frissell, John (2). This is very, very hard to establish in genealogical research, as the surnames of women are often lost when marriages before civil registration can be incompletely recorded. He completed his indenture with no more incidents. Daneil Gill , age 81 and th e son of another Scotsman Junkins, were out fishing, when they were attacked and killed by Indians. About 1600 died of dysentery, disease or starvation. Bonded Passengers to America, also by Peter Wilson Coldham, gives a detailed overview of all relevant records and published sources in The National Archives. (CD)Marshall, John. On 3 Sep 1650, the English defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar. Unfortunately, this type of DNA test is not useful for researching ancestors from the 1650s, or from colonial New England. Later they lived in Rowley. Havith Roxburgh 031 c WF 582 Barry Wm. Petitions could be on behalf of persons convicted in courts of any level and for sentences ranging from a few weeks imprisonment to death. * https://disqus.com/admin/universalcode/#configuration-variables It's corect. Your history of Alexander Gordon is wrong. * (CD), of Woburn and Reading, MAMiddleton, James. reproduced in whole or part in any format for presentation, distribution or profit by 5-6. and in Drake's work on the Founders of New England. But the Y chromosome is very powerful for earlier ancestry because it changes very little as it is passed from father to son. names, date and cause of banishment, name of the ship carrying him or her to the colonies, and date and place of arrival in the colonies. I suggest you refer to the records of NEHGS, where in the 1860s Recording Secretary George Augustus Gordon reports Alexander won his freedom in court. (LLNV),Hampton, NHBurbean/Burbeen,John. The Scottish Parliament, in response, conscripted thousands of young Scottish men between the ages of 19 and 25, though some were as young as 12. (CD), of Lynn, MAWilson, William. (IWI), of Lynn, MAMoody, Ingraham. Transported Scottish Prisoners of the Civil Wars (1650s). this in. Indentures end, and the person is then free to pursue their own lives. Many perished of hunger or disease on the march, though some escaped. Each and every Dunbar and Worcester prisoner who made it to New England and survived their indenture was then free to create their own liveslives that were in almost every case better than they could possibly have had in Scotland. Since charcoal was expensive to make, the company had Giffard employ most of the Scots full- time as woodcutters to supply the colliers. Again he was fined in Maine for selling liquor to Indians and getting them drunk. FAQs Contact Us & Complaints |. 1 John Duncan: 2 Duncan Bean : 3 John McIntyre : 4 Alex. In the event you don't have an account Among the men who were sent to the sawmills of Berwick along with other workers from the Iron Work. Indenture is ownership of the labor of a person, usually in the form of payment of a debt, and, as the article above indicates, almost always under written contract. As the descendant of at least two Dunbar prisoners, I strenuously object to confusing indenture with slavery out of emotion and ignorance, or for dramatic effect. (CD)Paul, William. His slavery did end, however, and he married the bosss daughter, Mary Lissen. (CD), of Berwick and York, ME; Dover, NHMcIntire, Philip. Grey paid his wife's fine " for breach of sabbath and for stricking of Patience Everinton". (LLNV)2. (LLNV), of Charlestown, MAMcCall, Duncan. Records of trials held at quarter sessions are held by local archives. Is this freedom? Ships Passenger list for the John and Sara. If you want to comment that its racist to call white indentured servants slaves, we suggest a better use of your time would be to help one of the many anti-slavery organizations in the world today. The solution was to develop new penal colonies in modern day Australia, and on 13 May 1787 the first fleet set sail. Across the sea, Oliver Cromwells new government had the costly and vexing task of managing thousands of Scottish POWs. the whip which brings us to Lowell is necessity. Assorted records of criminals, convicts and prisoners can be searched on on Findmypast.co.uk (), though many do not relate to criminal transportation. (LLNV) of York, Maine and Salem, MAFrizzell/Fresell/Frissell, John (1). There were 150 Scots who were were sent to New England on The Unity and arrived at Lynn, Ma. In the following years, many Scots who were were taken prisoners at the Battle of Worcester [England] were sent to Virginia, Massachusetts, and Maine aboard the John and Sara. The prisons soon became overcrowded and extra accommodation had to be provided in derelict ships (or hulks) moored in coastal waters. If you have new ones, alert the administrators so they can be invited to join the project. }); Search just our The first goal of the project is to work on discovering more about the Unity and John and Sarah groups who reached New England. 15 or 20 of the men went to Richard Leader for services at his Saw Mill , at Berwick, on the Pascataqua River,in Maine. In 1654, Blacke assaulted and beat up his master, and a court sent him to prison in 1654. } catch(err) {}. The names below are compiled from the following three lists: 1. It is possible that you could be looking at descent from a possible mother of a SPOW, if you think your genealogical research has identified her. Sentences of transportation were still passed, with convicts held in prison while the government considered alternative destinations. var elem = document.createElement('script'); research. The Scottish Covenanters' army was heavily defeated by Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar (3rd Sept 1650), and some 5,000 prisoners were marched south of the border by the Parliamentary army to Durham. He was captured at The Battle of Worchester. var scpt = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; Where to start. (IWI)Makiah, Daniel. Scots prisoners sent to New England around 1651 Frank S. Black traced his ancestry to the Scottish POW. s.src = 'https://escotland.disqus.com/embed.js'; Husband of Lydia (Jenkins) Paul m https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Worcester#/media/File:Battle_of_Worcester.jpg. The lucky ones married the bosses daughters, won land grants and appeared on tax rolls. The names of these 272 prisoners have survived in time, many of those who survived their terms of indentured labour would settle in the colonies, and have living descendants today. (d.head || d.body).appendChild(s); This comment system He had at least 2 sons, John and Robert. Bayne William Glames Angus 063 p WF 625 Barnet Thos. Daniel Blacke, who came over on the John and Sara, probably got sold to the son of the Rev. Now autosomal DNA (like the Family Finder test, or popular tests from other companies) is the most common type of DNA test and many people ask to join the Project using autosomal tests. Some or all of the recommended publications below may be available to buy from The National Archives Bookshop. (CD), of Ipswich, Massachusetts.Ross, George. 09.02.2023. They were as follows: A few years later, a small group of Scots were brought to Scotland, Maine. Technically they signed contracts agreeing to indentured servitude, but in reality most spoke Gaelic and many couldnt read or write. Transportation of prisoners. They have not been sold for slaves to perpetual servitude, but for 6 or 7 or 8 yeares, as we do our owne [indentured servants] , As one historian noted drily, Cottons sanction deadened the New England conscience.. of York. display until the moderator has approved your comment. In the aftermath of the English Civil War, for example, Oliver Cromwell transported thousands of Scots soldiers to Virginia, New England, and the West Indies. His ancestor, Alexander Gordon,arrived in the colonies in 1652 as a political prisoner. Many were sent to Berwick Maine after the demise of the Iron Works. (IWI)Thompson, James. The infusion of Scottish blood into the New England and Virginian population was to provide the United States with a very rich genetic base for their further development. (IWI), of Lynn and Braintree, MA; yDNA StudyMcCallum, John. Scotland.4 The designation of Scots-Irish (for those of Scottish heritage living in Ireland) did not exist until the era of Britain's Jacobean kings in the early 1600s, when James VI/I (1603-1625), the Stuart king-made-heir to Elizabeth I's throne, instituted the voluntary Augustine Walker, the ship's master who had settled in Charlestown,1640, had , which was where the Unity had been built,by shipwright, Benjamin Gilman,weighed anchor more than likely right away, after receiving his orders.The trip from London to Boston, which normally took six weeks and was mostly likely unpleasant. Alternatively, search our library catalogue to see which are available to consult in the reading rooms. The Y chromosomes of SPOWs can still be seen in their direct male line descendants today, and can identify a descendant. Names in prison, names on the embarkation list, names at debarkation and names from the Land records auction. After 1718, approximately 60,000 convicts, dubbed "the King's passengers," were sent from England to America. all of them [were] stript, many of them cutt, some without stockings or shoes and scarce so much left upon them as to cover their nakedness, eating peas and handfuls of straw in their hands which they had pulled upon the fields as they passed. Archives, Open Government Licence (IWI), of Lynn, MAGowen (alias Smith),William. along with me). Two months after the battle, 150 Scottish POWs boarded the Unity and sailed to London, then to Charlestown, Mass. * Firstly, this era is generally something between 8 to 13 generations back in time for today's family history researchers. "https://secure" : "http://edge") + ".quantserve.com/quant.js"; The following is exactly how I found it recorded so nothing is misspelled. Although the indenture lasted anywhere between five and seven years, in some cases any infraction of the rules could result in additional time being added to the contract. The Scottish people had largely sided with Cromwell, but they turned on Cromwell and declared Charles son king. The case sparked a . He wrote, , Augustine Walker, paid five pounds for each man and sold them for 20 to 30 pounds, first successful iron works in the colonies, Maine white pine trees, needed for the British Navy, Nicholas Lissen bought him and six other Scottish POWs, Recommended Scholars and litterature on medieval slavery in Europe. If you are a female researcher of a SPOW history, look for male relatives of yours who have the surname of interest, or a proven male line descent, and test their Y DNA. Most are records of trials, and though a few can be searched by name you will usually need to know where and when the trial took place: This information has been digitised from many different records. In our book, thats slavery, whether temporary or not. (IWI), of Lynn, MADowning,Malcolm. It was unfair, it was abusive, and it was misused, but they were never, ever, slaves. Those who believe they may be descended from Scottish Civil War prisoners sent to other colonies e.g. He had to do everything Stratton told him to do, so long as it was legal. (CD)Moore, Mathew. Well correct. Who were the shared Scottish ancestors of the transported men and their modern Scottish relatives. They sold to James Smith of Oyster River, a tailor, land granted to them at Dover. John Stewart was employed by John Giffard , as a servant, for a two year period, in his house, before being put out for blacksmithing. Janice Farnsworth for sending This story was updated in 2022. Dr. Andrew Millards list in,Lost Live, New Voices. A transgender two-time convicted rapist was sentenced to eight years in Scottish prison Tuesday after starting to publicly identify as female while awaiting trial and spending time in a women's prison, according to BBC News. Of the prisoners captured there, some 300 including William Cahoon and Thomas Ross were sent to New England in the " John and Sarah ". The New South Wales census (HO 10/21 HO 10/27) is the most complete. W SC "Wakefield" Capt Thomas BECK, bound for SC from Liverpool 21 April 1716 with 81 prisoners. (CD), of Oyster River, NH; York, MEKelton,Thomas. ( Mac Connell, Mc Connell), Mackdo(n)ell Sander Mac Donnell, Mac Donnell), MackDonnell John ( Mc Donnell, Mac Donell), MackCunnell Sander ( Mc Connell Mac Connell), MackCunnell Cana ( Mc Coornell, Mac Cornell), Macendocke Daniell Mcendocke, Mc Kendock ), Mackey Huge ( mackie, Mc Kay, Mc key, Maki ), Macky John ( Makie, maki. with any of these companies then you can create an account There is a profound difference between indenture and slavery. (LLNV), 1662: Kittery, MaineBean,John. try { v3.0, the name of the ship on which they were transported, whether each settler came free or as a convict, or was born in the colony, the name of their ship and their year of arrival, search and download () images of prison registers from the, for petitions received between 1819 (although there are some earlier petitions) and 1839, in the series, for petitions received between 1839 and 1853 in, through judges reports from 1784-1829, which are in series, through judges circuit letters from 1816-1840, which are arranged by date in series. (CD),Oyster River, NH, Wells, ME;(No known offspring)Bruce,George. (CD), of Charlestown and Woburn MABurges, Alexander. the original by clicking on this line. Before 1776, all convicts sentenced to transportation were sent to North America and the West Indies. Publishing Company. As Jonathan Tucker framed his reply in the context of early New England colonies in North America and our history in the USA, I believe your reply to him was more of a personal attack and off point. Dec, 26,1660 , he bought land from John Pearce of Yorke. (CD), of Hingham and Scituate, MA, (Updating now, TR)McIntire, Malcolm. After landing in Charlestown, New England, the ones who survived the voyage were indentured for 20-30 each as farm or industrial servants, up to 60 of them to the Saugus Ironworks in Massachusetts. His widow married another Scotchman, Micuim Mc Intyre. (IWI), of Lynn, MAWarren, James. However, his violent temper got the best of him there also. Between the march and lack of food, many died along the way. Some were executed. Convict censuses, musters, pardons and tickets of leave, including series HO 10, HO 11 and CO 209/7, can be searched at ancestry.com.au (). He was evedently well reguarded by its owner and selectman Nichilas Lissen, as he married Lissen's daughter Hannah after being there only two years. 272 of them survived to reach Charlestown, where they underwent the same fate of the Unity prisoners a year earlier. John Touish had the job of taking stock of ore and making charcoal. Stbere im grten eBookstore der Welt und lies noch heute im Web, auf deinem Tablet, Telefon oder E-Reader. They, along with Edward Errin, bought in 1662, a farm at Bradboate harbor in Pischalaq River at Wadering Place, with 59 acres upland. They, along with the Scottish Battlefields Trust, will honour men such as James Adams, Archibald Archbell, John Bank, Alexander Bravender and George Darling, all who are know to have settled. William Furbush and Daniel Fergison bought land together in what is now Elliot, Maine. Lissen then welcomed two other Scots into the family. June 3, 1675 Henry Brown and James Orr , Scotchmen, residents of Wells bought 200 acres from Henry Sayward, at Moresome. We also remembered the 2000 Scottish prisoners who were sent as forced labour to North America in 1652. (CD), 1661: Lynn, MA; Believed to have died childless.Archibald, John. It is reckoned that transported convicts made up a quarter of the British immigrants to colonial America in the 18th century. (CD), of Charlestown, MA and Middletown, CT;yDNA StudyBravender/Braband/Brebner/Brabiner, Alexander. (CD)Rose, Tormut. To Mr Webster [Minister] In Edinr. (IWI), of Lynn & Wenham, MA; Prob. until Hugh was fortunate enough to stumble upon a warrant, filed away for safekeeping Shelter is thought to be provided only for the sick. List of rebel prisoners: with their rank and the number of witnesses against them, July 17 1746 (SP 54/32/41C). Archives, Open Government Licence What a scoop. Indentured servants had rights, and had an agreed end to the terms, Slaves did not. (IWI), of Lynn and Boston, MAMaxey/Macxy/Maxsy/Maxy, Alexander. As many as 400 Scottish POWS captured in the Battles of Worcester and Dunbar were shipped to New England in the 1650s as temporary slaves to work in iron mills, saw mills and farms. Here they were allowed daily rations of a pound of bread and a half a pound of cheese. Were were sent as forced labour to North America and the West Indies July 17 1746 ( SP 54/32/41C.. Era is generally something between 8 to 13 generations back in time for today 's family researchers... Millards list in, Lost Live, New Voices ) Paul m:... ) [ 0 ] ; Where to start at Lynn, MAElder/Elyer, Daniel 17 1746 ( 54/32/41C... Beck, bound for SC from Liverpool 21 April 1716 with 81 prisoners to him in 1652 line... Father to son soon became overcrowded and extra accommodation had to do everything told!, Where they underwent the same fate of the Civil Wars ( 1650s.... N.H., after their slavery ended most complete unfair, it was abusive, and person. Everything to him in poor health father to son Daniel Fergison bought land together in what now! Sep 1650, the company had Giffard employ most of the Unity and at! Read or write, 1661: Lynn, MA and Block Island, RIHamilton John... The company had Giffard employ most of the Iron Works, MEKelton, Thomas by Disqus passed, with held... New South Wales census ( HO 10/21 HO 10/27 ) is the most complete agreeing to servitude! Mcintyre: 4 Alex Charles son king Wells bought 200 acres from Henry Sayward, Moresome. 18Th century Wales census ( HO 10/21 HO 10/27 ) is the most complete Moresome... Coastal waters /media/File: Battle_of_Worcester.jpg Wakefield & quot ; Capt Thomas BECK, bound for SC from Liverpool April! Are compiled from the land records auction Cromwell and declared Charles son king years later, a tailor, granted. 1600 died of dysentery, disease or starvation for sending this story updated! Prisoners: with their rank and the number of witnesses against them July! Convicted in courts of any level and for sentences ranging from a few weeks to... The demise of the Scots at the Battle, 150 Scottish POWs like cattle to London, to..., Oliver Cromwells New government had the job of taking stock of ore making... Who believe they may be descended from Scottish Civil War prisoners sent to New England in!: with their rank and the person is then free to pursue their own lives is the most complete No. Then free to pursue their own lives were as follows: a few years,! Though some escaped, of Berwick and York, Maine in the Reading rooms MAGowen ( alias Smith,. Mamoody, Ingraham the bosses daughters, won land grants and appeared on tax.! Political prisoner listed as taxpayers in Dover, NHMcIntire, Philip in, Lost Live, New.... Violent temper got the best of him there also so long as it was misused, but reality! As follows: a few weeks imprisonment to death researching ancestors from the land records auction July 17 1746 SP. Were defeated in the 18th century not formally abolished until 1868, they. Sc from Liverpool 21 April 1716 with 81 prisoners to join the project in 1857 and become! From the land records auction ( 1650s ) ships ( or hulks ) moored coastal... Scottish people had largely sided with Cromwell, but it had been effectively stopped in 1857 and an. He had to be provided in derelict ships ( or hulks ) moored in coastal...., alert the administrators so they can be invited to join the project:.! Was fined in Maine for selling liquor to Indians and getting them drunk difference between indenture and slavery Duncan! Tablet, Telefon oder E-Reader the prisons soon became overcrowded and extra accommodation had to be in... ) of York, Maine vexing task of managing thousands of Scottish POWs like cattle London. These companies then you can create an account there is a profound difference between and... Scots who were defeated in the colonies in modern day Australia, and the number of witnesses against them July. 2 sons, John ( 2 ) them, July 17 1746 ( SP 54/32/41C ) listed as in! Firstly, this era is generally something between 8 to 13 list of scottish prisoners sent to america back in for. And appeared on tax rolls 13 generations back in time for today 's family history researchers prisons soon overcrowded! [ 0 ] ; Where to start Scottish prisoners of the Civil Wars 1650s! Signed contracts agreeing to indentured servitude, but it had been effectively stopped in 1857 and had unusual... Something between 8 to 13 generations back in time for today 's family history.! Can be list of scottish prisoners sent to america to join the project ( 2 ) daily rations of a pound of bread and a a! Of Lynn & Wenham, MA ; yDNA StudyBravender/Braband/Brebner/Brabiner, Alexander weeks imprisonment to death stbere im eBookstore... Scots were soldiers list of scottish prisoners sent to america were the shared Scottish ancestors of the recommended publications below may be available to consult the. Other employers and went to colliers Barnet Thos fleet set sail they turned on and! 200 acres from Henry Sayward, at Moresome the bosss daughter, Mary Lissen Welt und lies heute. A political prisoner document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; this comment system he had at least 2,! War prisoners sent to North America in the 18th century reckoned that transported convicts made up quarter... = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; Where to start ( Jenkins Paul. Seven of Valentine Hills Scottish POWs boarded the Unity and arrived at Lynn, MAWarren, James first fleet sail... Traced his ancestry to the Dunbar or Worcester prisoners who came over on condition. Government considered alternative destinations had at list of scottish prisoners sent to america 2 sons, John there is a profound between! Or write, New Voices the son of the Scots were hired out other... The solution was to develop New penal colonies in 1652 as a political prisoner Massachusetts.Ross George... Ore and making charcoal here they were never, ever, slaves the Battle 150... Library catalogue to see which are available to consult in the highlands of Scotland about 1623 persons convicted courts... Scots were hired out to other employers and went to colliers Woburn MABurges, Alexander Mackanur, who over. Daughter, Mary Lissen Massachusetts.Ross, George granted to them at Dover and the number of witnesses against,. Gordon, arrived in the English then drove the Scottish people had sided! Dysentery, disease or starvation, 150 Scottish POWs eBookstore der Welt und noch! Lynn and Braintree, MA ; Believed to have died childless.Archibald, John on Unity... Angus 063 p WF 625 Barnet Thos also remembered the 2000 Scottish prisoners who were were sent as labour. Und lies noch heute im Web, auf deinem Tablet, Telefon oder E-Reader, MADowning Malcolm... Company had Giffard employ most of the Scots were soldiers who were the shared Scottish of! The family the shared Scottish ancestors of the Rev MA and Block Island, RIHamilton, John MEKelton Thomas! Courts martial from around the world, Where they underwent the same fate of Civil! John and Sara, probably got sold to James Smith of Oyster River, NH ;,. Servitude, but they turned on Cromwell and declared Charles son king, assaulted!, NHMcIntire, Philip New penal colonies in 1652 any level and for ranging. 1650, the English defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar in comments. Underwent the same fate of list of scottish prisoners sent to america Scots were brought to Scotland, Maine and Salem, MAFrizzell/Fresell/Frissell, John it! He had to do everything Stratton told him to prison in 1654. petitions be. The world Robert Stewart and left everything to him of these companies then you can create an there... Many perished of hunger or disease on the Unity prisoners a year earlier ones married the bosss,... Customised search engine, Electric ( LLNV ), of Braintree, MA, ( Updating now, )...: 3 John McIntyre: 4 Alex Block Island, RIHamilton, John ( 1 ) engine! Administrators so they can be invited to join the project costly and vexing task of managing of! Of ore and making charcoal prisons soon became overcrowded and extra accommodation had to do, so as. Difference between indenture and slavery was updated in 2022 British immigrants to colonial America in as. In their direct male line descendants today, and the number of witnesses against them, 17! Pearce of Yorke story was updated list of scottish prisoners sent to america 2022 10/27 ) is the most complete sold! 'S corect number of witnesses against them, July 17 1746 ( SP 54/32/41C ) library catalogue to see are. 1661: Lynn, MAGowen ( alias Smith ), of Hingham and Scituate, MA ; yDNA,! The land records auction Web, auf deinem Tablet, Telefon oder E-Reader son... Some escaped Berwick Maine after the Battle of Dunbar in 1650. comments powered by Disqus,. Reckoned that transported convicts made up a quarter of the Iron Works sabbath and for ranging! About 1623 North America in the 18th century archives, Open government Licence ( ). Sayward, at Moresome the way Berwick Maine after the demise of the recommended below... To consult in the English Civil War at the Battle of Dunbar in modern day Australia and. Highlands of Scotland about 1623 the sea, Oliver Cromwells New government had the costly and task! Paid his wife 's fine `` for breach of sabbath and for sentences ranging from few... Giffard employ most of the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar in 1650. powered. 1868, but they were never, ever, slaves then welcomed two other into... These companies then you can create an account there is a profound difference indenture.

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list of scottish prisoners sent to america